Causes of the US financial crisis and solutions - 1925 Words

Causes of the US financial crisis and solutions (Coursework Sample) Content: Causes of the USfinancialcrisis and solutionsNamePaper nameProfessors NameDateIntroduction The economic crisis of 2008-2009 not only affected the United States but the whole world. It was the most difficult time in the history of economics. The crisis led to widespread hunger across the world since people could not have enough resources to purchase food. The prices ofcommoncommodities rose up (Brown, 2009).Literature Review There are many reasons given to what caused thecrisis, some true and othersuntrue. Many people attribute thebeginningof the financial crisis to the breakdown of the housing market. Even,though,the housing bust plays a vital role in the health and banking sector, the problem was deeper. There was a lot of macroeconomic imbalances before whichwere reflectedby fluctuations in the real estate. To know the truth behind the crisis and the way forward, these scenarios should be lookeddeeply. The general agreement was that the losses in the h ousing market started the USfinancialcrisis since the great Depression. The United States economy plays a significant part in the worlds economy. Thecrisisthenspreadto all parts of the world due toimpactthe US economy has worldwide (Mosley, 2009).Methodology There aremanymethods employed to collect data, and in the case of the topic on USfinancialcrisis, two methodswere employed. The first one is togetinformational from written materials like journals and books. Journals and books contain a lot of information on the US economic crisis and the measures taken tostopthemenacefrom getting worse. Information about the crisis is also available in the media.DiscussionThe root causes of the financial crisis. Below are some of the causes of the financial crisis of the US economy: Excessive Land Use Regulation The demand for housingwas increasedbyprofligatelending. However, thisdemandproduced remarkably different results in different metropolitan areas, depending on the micro-economicfa ctorof land use regulation. Land use restriction in some metropolitan markets propelled the prices which led to higher mortgage exposures. On the other hand, the traditionally regulated markets where landregulationwas notsevere, there was arelativeincrease of the housing prices. Theseposetwo different worlds experiencing different periods (Mosley, 2009).Thefinanciallosses would have beenextremelylittleif the increment of the mortgage exposures around the US had been on the order of the traditionally regulated markets. Nobel Laureate Paul Krugman had noted the two natures of the Americans 3 years before the crisis occurred. He realized that the housing bubble was moreconcentratedin regions withformidableandstronglandregulation. The largest housing prices increment occurred in areas which had strong restrictions on the use of land. These areas where referred to as smart growth, urban consolidation orcompactcity. On the other hand, metropolitan markets that had the traditional land us e and were moreliberalexperienced thelittleincrease in the prices of housing. The traditionally regulated markets, unlike thestrongregulated markets, allowed anormalsupply response to thehighmarket demand created by the profligate lending (Brown, 2009). The basic principle of economics inoperationstates that shortages and rationingleadtoincreasein prices. There were no enough goods and services available in themarketfor customers to buy. Some businessmen with the little commodities withheld them. The repercussions of these deeds were thesharpincrease in the prices of commodities and the US citizens had to dig deep in their pockets togettheirusualservices and food. This resulted to changes in thelifestyleof many citizens those who could not afford thecommongoodsand servicesdueto lack of money (Brown, 2009). Among the fifty metropolitan areas with more than one millionpopulation, twenty five had significant land use restrictions therestwere liberally regulated.Theliberalland use res trictions markets were capable of absorbing from theexcessiveprofligate lending atpricenorms, that is,mediummultiple divided by median household income of3 or less, while this was impossible with the restrictive land use regulation.In addition, the demand washighinliberalmarkets than the restrictive markets. Since 2000, there is a high growth of population in thetraditionalmetropolitan markets, about four times thegrowthinthe more regulatedmarkets. There has also been anoutflowof residents from the restrictive land markets to the markets with traditional land use regulation, where the house prices have remained within historic norms (Brown, 2009).Profligate lending Profligate lending led to loses. All the markets of the United States of America experienced profligate lending. Profligate lending is wastefulness orrecklesslending. There was greater availability of mortgage funding, which in turn led toexceptionaldemand for housing.The excessive consumption was due to loosening of le nding standards prompted by the US government to increase homeownership rates.These resulted alsodueto record low saving rates. People, who could nothavequalified before for credit received loans (subprime borrowers) could easily do, while others secured loans much higher than they could do before (prime borrowers). The subprime andprimeborrowers when overstretched, they were unable to pay their mortgage loans in time. The lenders could not absorb the foreclosure and delinquency rates. The US economy, financed by the excess credit, spent more than it earned. Thislendto undermining the mortgage market, resulting to failures ofprominentand well known firms like the Lehman Brothers and Bear Stearns.Since we are in theeraof interconnected or intertwined markets, these unprecedented effects in US economy reverberated across the world (Mosley, 2009).Solutions to the Financial CrisisThe US stakeholders together with the government took several measures to avert the crisis from becoming w orse.Below are some of the measures applied tosolvethe crisisFinancial investment For a sustainable, long term growth, the US Economy desperately needed high levels offinancialandrealinvestmenttorebuildthe economic foundation. Thesavingratewas increasedsignificantly in order to start generating household wealth, which is su...

My Father Is A Public Safety Officer - 997 Words

My Father: my father cares for his family and worked in the city hall as a public safety officer. He has a personality that never panics in times of hard time. My relationship with him is unique that he will tell me a bed time story. Also, whenever, I come from school he will check my school work and correct me where necessary. I am similar to my father in terms of smiling and quietness. Ways am different is being taller and lighter in skin. My Mother: my mother is responsible for cooking and feeding every member of the family. He maintains peace among my siblings. My mother’s personality is the type that does not procrastinate whenever there is a problem. She will tackle the problem with everything within her reach to make sure it is under control. My relationship with my mother made me a mom’s little girl. I am similar to her in terms of light skin, facially, and height. Way am different from her is being an outgoing, while my mother is not an outgoing person. In fact, my parents are awesomely caring and loving parents. They make decisions that are best for the family. As a husband, he loves my mother and cherishes her. As a father, he keeps the family happy and together. He assumes his responsibilities by providing material and financial needs of the family. As a partner, they both work to a common goal and execute decisions that keep the family in harmony. As a mother, she nurtures the children to the right directions, cooks for the family and motivates everyone toShow MoreRelatedEmotional Survival For Law Enforcement935 Words   |  4 Pagesbasis? This book Emotional Survival for Law Enforcement written by Kevin M. Gilmartin, Ph.D. gives us an outline on the difficulty and stress that law enforcement officer and their families face on daily basis. Dr. Gilmartin discusses the stages of hypervigilance. And the long-term effects of hypervigilance and the toll it takes on the officer and his or her family. Author Dr. Kevin M. 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The Significance of Stereotypes Illustrated in Hintons...

Stereotype, someone who is regarded as embodying or conforming to a set image or type. This is the main component of the S.E. Hinton novel The Outsiders. The stereotypes in the novel are the Socs and the Greasers. The Socs are the rich kids who don’t have to work for anything, while the Greasers are the poorer kids who have very little. They both live in the city of Tulsa, one group on the Northside and one on the Southside. Outside of these boundaries no-one knows of them but the hatred for each other still plays on their minds. In our community stereotypes play a part in life, but in The Outsiders it is the core theme of the story combining with teenage struggles. In The Outsiders the main character Ponyboy Curtis conforms to the image†¦show more content†¦It is good to see that Ponyboy can look past people’s differences and begin to like the Socs for who they are. In the city of Tulsa there is a gang war between the Greasers and Socs. When the boys left the city they found that no one knew about Greasers and Socs, so they wouldn’t get jumped or discriminated against by the cops or other gangs. Time away from Tulsa helps the main character Ponyboy, a Greaser, reflect and see there is not much difference between the Socs and the Greasers, just how others see them. Socs like Cherry and Randy help Ponyboy along the way to see through the stereotype after the death of a friend. When the church fire occurs in Windrixville and the boys are hurt, in the ambulance Jerry says he has never heard of Greasers. The stereotype of the city is undeniable with most people on the Southside Socs and the Greasers on the Northside. But outside of the city no one knows about the stereotypes, therefore, do they exist? Greasers are the main stereotype in the book but also there is a small part played by the Socs. Although the book is about the life and times of a Greaser there is also a ‘Socs Story’ in there, as throughout the book you learn more and more about the Socs and how they live. But this all changes. When Bob dies Cherry and Randy, the main Socs characters, begin to see that there is no difference between Socs and Greasers. Randy, when he talks to Ponyboy in private doesn’t call

Tata Motors Unveils New Zest Sedan for Target - myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theTata Motors Unveils New Zest Sedan for Target Market. Answer: Introduction The report will discuss in detail about the revamp strategy of Tata Motors in India with the help of a case study. Here it is important to understand that India in current time demographically and economically is positioned well for development since it is effectively serving local demand as well as rise in the options of export alternatives (Luthra et al., 2011). There is a forecasted rise in the working class population in India and it is also likely to assist as well as change the flourishing market for number of vehicles in private space. There is no doubt rise in the overall prosperity with simpler access to money and rise in affordability is also expected to see high volume of four wheelers in addition to two wheelers and it will also remain the main alternative for many purchasers supported by rise is in standard of living in rural areas as well as youth market including more and more women. Target Market Alternatives for Zest Sedan along with Best Alternative Following are the type of segmentation in Indian automobile industry for a vehicle like Zest Sedan to sustain: - Geographic: this kind of segmentation is considered one of the crucial grounds of segmentation in the present automobile sector specifically in large countries like India. The reason is that the situation here is different in different regions. In order to take segmentation in the country, the manufacturer of tractor usually aim on different areas where agriculture of main significance and will target on those farmer who have large amount of land based on holding and have the right kind of resources to buy the tractor (Govindan et al., 2010). On the contrary, there are number of commercial automobile companies as well that would actually segment the whole market on the basis of focus of sectors in different region. In addition to it, there are luxury car manufacturers as well that will actually target the region of metropolitan cities for the purpose or motive of sales of their product where the small care manufacturers will also take into consideration the development of cities and many townships by taking into account at the time of process based segmentation of the products (Ray and Ray, 2011). Demographic: another significant basis for the same in the automobile sector is demographic segmentation. This kind of segmentation work as a base of marketing of products as per the income, age and status. Carmakers of small cars like Nano and many similar cars in this segment will mainly aim on the segment of people attached to the middleclass and it comes under demographic kind of segmentation (Jahanshani et al., 2014). Psychological: this type of segmentation comes up with diverse kinds of models of the products. This has been because of the case based on cars and where companies normally come up with two or sometime three kind of similar model and it has been also noticed by the analyst of industry that these variants of the medium of the model can sell the most of the products (Sturgeon and Van Biesebroeck, 2010). Behavioral: this type of segmentation is done on the basis of advantages that are sought through different status like loyalty and many more. This is an significant kind of segmentation in the automobile sector and it is important for many luxury car manufacturers (Ray and Ray, 2011). The best kind of target market or the basis of segmentation for Zest sedan which Tata Motors must take is Demographic segmentation and divide the market as per the income level and affordability of the people since the car is made for middle income group. Different ways for the research study on Zest Sedan along with option It is important to understand here that when there is an attempt to study a population, it is important to collect information from every part and every person in that group. This further makes it very challenging to study the concept of population. For instance, in case of the study based on population suffering from Schizophrenia in country like India can be huge or opinion of the people or total population liking raisins can also be different and huge (Ill, 2014). So now one can understand the challenges while understanding and studying populations. There are smaller populations like college that are easier for collecting data for population. But the main challenge here is that if one person also fails to be a part of population, this can mean that there is no population at all. There are two kind of population or it is divided into two groups: - Target population which means that there is whole group of people to which the author or the person who is researching can base to generalize the finding of complete study. Accessible population: this kind of population means that the researcher actually has a reasonable or proper access and can be treated as a subset of the whole target population. It is usually limited to region, city, country, regions or some time an organization or an institution (Ill, 2014). In this case Zest Sedan from Tata Motors will have to take accessible population because it is important to accessible population here since the product launch will target a specific region and a specific class of people for which is car is made and it is actually suitable for them (Ill, 2014). Types of defining Sampling Frame for the research study on Zest Sedan along with option At the time of working the research study, it is important that people clarify all types of units that are actually interested in studying the samples. There are units that can be associated with people, companies or the present documents. The research will also cover these units with varied population of interest. At the time of discussing the population, it is also significant to be as specific as possible. The issue here is that it is cannot be always about the feasibility of the studying the each unit in the population. It is obvious that the process consumes a lot of time and it is not very inexpensive by nature and can cost a fortune to some in order to collect data from every person in the population (Smolensky and Fitzgerald, 2010). In such cases, it is also important to study a part or subset of the population in the form of sample which will make the process much convenient and simple. The overall process at the time of selecting the sample requires being quite deliberate b y nature and there are different kinds of sampling methods that can be used based on the motive of research. Before the selection of a sample one requires discussing the sampling frame and is actually a list of all kinds of population based on interest. The research can be conducted with research finding to the population discussed and defined with the help of sampling frame only. Types of Defining Sampling Approach for the Research Study on Zest Sedan along with Option There are number of social researchers who base their observation on the fact that getting information from people in the population is very difficult and some time not very possible. So in the place of an attempt to collect all kind of information, the trick here is to collect a small sample of population (Smolensky and Fitzgerald, 2010). However, population like anything else has different kinds to collect a sample for population. There are different manners of taking a samples and following are different kind of sampling techniques: Random sample: every person in the population must get the equal opportunity of getting selected. Stratified sample: An author can easily divide the population into varied group based on features, and sometimes researchers can randomly select from every group which is based on the overall size (Marucco et al., 2011). Quota based sample: the authors can intentionally set the needs to make sure a specific group that can be presented. Purposive: an author sometimes with motive aims on specific subset in the population. Convenience: the overall selection in this kind of sample is usually based on the overall need of the gaining the access. Probability and non-probability techniques: the basic different or distinction between probability and non-probability methods of sampling that these kind of sampling does not based on any random selection however, probability sampling does depend on the random samples. This means that non-probability samples never relies on the overall rationale of the present probability principle. Sometime, a probabilistic based sample is based on some odds or possibility that people have in representing the population in right manner (Thompson, 2013). Here estimation is easy with confidence based intervals for the statistics. Various non-probability samples may also show the population in right manner and it usually will be very hard for people to understand the concept. Generally, the authors or researchers asks especially for probabilistic or random sampling approach over non-probability one and further consider them to more right as well as rigorous by nature. At the same time, there are vario us applied science based there can be situation where it may not be very feasible or right or sometimes very practical to perform such random based sampling. The case study of Zest Sedan launch by Tata motors can use the stratified sampling approach. This approach helps in dividing the population into distinct groups and they are termed as strata. Probability samples or simple random sample is also drawn here from every group (Thompson, 2013). This kind of sampling will help Tata Motors to decrease the overall size of sample needed to accomplish a given amount of precision. It is also possible to raise the level of precession with same type of sample size. Effectiveness of Stratified Approach One of the biggest benefits of using stratified approach in this case here is that it helps in decreasing the biasness in selection. It is also important to understand here that the process of stratifying the complete population before the actual application of random sample technique assist in making sure that a sample can rightly show the population being a part of terms of the criteria being used for the sake of stratification (Thompson, 2013). The process will be effective also because it can be used in appropriate manner since it make sure that every group or subgroup within the existence of population is able to reach a right of representation within the present sample. Conclusion On local level, there are some kind of consolidation or in other word alliances that are expected as well as driven with the need to access for the better based of technology with right manufacturing abilities, services and finally an effective distribution channels. The component sector is also in a very strong space to take full advantage of cost effectiveness along with profitability and global recognition with many engineering abilities (Thompson, 2013). The advantages of the present collaboration is becoming more clear along with super specialist that can further emerge as the automobile that can be treated as a whole system with every specialist aiming on a kind of sub-system as well. Reference Govindan, K., Kannan, D. and Noorul Haq, A., 2010. Analyzing supplier development criteria for an automobile industry.Industrial Management Data Systems,110(1), pp.43-62. Ill, P.A.R.T., 2014. SAMPLING CONCEPTS Population.Nursing Research-E-Book: Methods and Critical Appraisal for Evidence-Based Practice, p.231. Jahanshani, A.A., Hajizadeh, G.M.A., Mirdhamadi, S.A., Nawaser, K. and Khaksar, S.M.S., 2014. Study the effects of customer service and product quality on customer satisfaction and loyalty. Luthra, S., Kumar, V., Kumar, S. and Haleem, A., 2011. Barriers to implement green supply chain management in automobile industry using interpretive structural modeling technique: An Indian perspective.Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management,4(2), pp.231-257. Marucco, F., Boitani, L., Pletscher, D.H. and Schwartz, M.K., 2011. Bridging the gaps between non-invasive genetic sampling and population parameter estimation.European Journal of Wildlife Research,57(1), pp.1-13. Ray, S. and Ray, P.K., 2011. Product innovation for the people's car in an emerging economy.Technovation,31(5), pp.216-227. Smolensky, N.L. and Fitzgerald, L.A., 2010. Distance sampling underestimates population densities of dune-dwelling lizards.Journal of Herpetology,44(3), pp.372-381. Sturgeon, T. and Van Biesebroeck, J., 2010. Effects of the crisis on the automotive industry in developing countries: a global value chain perspective. Thompson, W. ed., 2013.Sampling rare or elusive species: concepts, designs, and techniques for estimating population parameters. Island Press.